Zeromq Toolkit - Manual


Introduction

The ZeroMQ toolkit is a set of ZeroMQ bindings for GNU Octave

Table of Contents


1 Installing and loading

The ZeroMQ toolkit must be installed and then loaded to be used.

It can be installed in GNU Octave directly from octave-forge, or can be installed in an off-line mode via a downloaded tarball.

The toolkit has a dependency on the zeromq library (https://zeromq.org), so it must be installed in order to successfully install the ZeroMQ toolkit.

For Fedora: yum install zeromq-devel

For Ubuntu: apt install libzmq-dev

The toolkit must be then be loaded once per each GNU Octave session in order to use its functionality.

1.1 Online Direct install

With an internet connection available, the ZeroMQ package can be installed from octave-forge using the following command within GNU Octave:

pkg install -forge zeromq

The latest released version of the toolkit will be downloaded and installed.

1.2 Off-line install

With the ZeroMQ toolkit package already downloaded, and in the current directory when running GNU Octave, the package can be installed using the following command within GNU Octave:

pkg install zeromq-1.5.6.tar.gz

1.3 Loading

Regardless of the method of installing the ZeroMQ toolkit, in order to use its functions, the toolkit must be loaded using the pkg load command:

pkg load zeromq

The toolkit must be loaded on each GNU Octave session.


2 Basic Usage Overview

The usage is very close to the ZeroMQ library C language bindings for the socket creation and manipulation with the exception of creating a zeromq context, which is automatically done in the bindings internals.

For example, a basic client that does a request / reply from a server on port local port 5555 (available as zmq_example1.m):

%% Create socket and connect to server
requester = zmq_socket (ZMQ_REQ);
zmq_connect (requester, "tcp://localhost:5555");
%% send some data
zmq_send (requester, uint8("Hello"), 5, 0); 
%% try to read up to 10 bytes of reply data.
received = zmq_recv (requester, 10, 0);
zmq_close (requester);

An overview of the package can be displayed by running help zeromq

Help for each function can be displayed by help thefunctionname

ie:

help iszmq

3 Examples

There are several examples that come with the toolkit.

View example code using edit examples/example_name

ie:

edit examples/zmq_example1

3.1 Example1

Simple client REQ socket example that attempts to connect to a server and send a hello command and get back the response.

edit examples/zmq_example1

3.2 Example2

Simple server REP socket example that creates the server that the client from example 1 will connect to and responds back to client ’requests’

edit examples/zmq_example2

3.3 Example3

Simple server PUB socket example that creates ’weather’ server sends weather updates for random zip codes.

edit examples/zmq_example3

3.4 Example4

Simple client SUB socket example that creates client that connects to the ’weather’ server and subscribes for weather updates from zip-code 10001.

edit examples/zmq_example4

3.5 Example5

Simple client STREAM socket example that creates client that connects to octave.org and posts HEAD request.

edit examples/zmq_example5

4 Function Reference

The functions currently available in the ZeroMQ toolkit are described below;


4.1 ZeroMQ functions

4.1.1 iszmq

: tf = iszmq (h)

Determine whether h is a zeromq socket object.

Inputs

h - a potential zeromq socket object to check

Outputs

tf - true if h is a zeromq socket object, otherwise false.

See also: zmq_socket.

4.1.2 zmq_bind

: status = zmq_bind (sock, endpoint)

Bind a zeromq socket to a endpoint.

Inputs

sock - the socket to bind.

endpoint - the endpoint string.

Outputs

status - status for bind. On success, bind will return a status of true

See also: zmq_socket .

4.1.3 zmq_close

: zmq_close (sock)

Close a zeromq socket.

Inputs

sock - the socket type to close.

Outputs

None

See also: zmq_socket .

4.1.4 zmq_connect

: status = zmq_connect (sock, endpoint)

Connect a zeromq socket to a endpoint.

Inputs

sock - the socket to connect.

endpoint - the endpoint string.

Outputs

status - status for connect. On success, connect will return a status of true

See also: zmq_socket.

4.1.5 zmq_curve_keypair

: [ publickey, privatekey ] = zmq_curve_keypair ()

Generate a random private/public keypair

Inputs

None

Outputs

publickey is a string that is the encoded public key

privatekey is a string that is the encoded private key

See also: zmq_z85_encode .

4.1.6 zmq_curve_public

: publickey = zmq_curve_public (privatekey)

Derive the public key from a private key

Inputs

privatekey is a string that is the encoded private key. It must be 40 characters in length

Outputs

publickey is a string that is the encoded public key

See also: zmq_curve_keypair.

4.1.7 zmq_disconnect

: status = zmq_disconnect (sock, endpoint)

Disconnect a zeromq socket from an endpoint.

Inputs

sock - the socket to disconnect from.

endpoint - a previously connected endpoint string to disconnect.

Outputs

status - status for disconnect. On success, disconnect will return a status of true

See also: zmq_socket, zmq_connect.

4.1.8 zmq_errno

: errornum = zmq_errno ()

Get the value of errno from zeromq.

Inputs

None

Outputs

errornum is the errno value of the calling thread.

4.1.9 zmq_getsockopt

: value = zmq_getsockopt (sock, optionid)

Get the current value of an option.

Inputs

sock - the socket to connect.

optionid - the setsockopt option to set.

Valid optionids are:

ZMQ_RCVMORE

Flag for whether a message has been split into multiple messages. The return value will be either 0 or 1.

ZMQ_TYPE

Socket type for zeromq socket created with zmq_socket. Valid types are the same as the socket type value specified with zmq_socket.

ZMQ_EVENTS

Get the event state of zeromq socket. The returned value is a bit mask that may contain the following set values:

  • ZMQ_POLLIN set when at least one message is available to read and zmq_recv will not block.
  • ZMQ_POLLOUT set when at least one message can be written without zmq_send blocking.
ZMQ_IDENTITY or ZMQ_ROUTING_ID

Get the socket identity value

ZMQ_RATE

Get the multicast data rate

ZMQ_PRIORITY

Get socket priority (linux only)

ZMQ_BACKLOG

Get length of queue for pending connections

ZMQ_LAST_ENDPOINT

Get the last endpoint the socket was connected to

ZMQ_CONNECT_TIMEOUT

Get the connect timeout value

ZMQ_SOCKS_PROXY

Get the SOCKS5 proxy value (string)

ZMQ_CURVE_SERVER

Get whether socket is a curve server (1) or not (0)

ZMQ_CURVE_PRIVATEKEY

Get a the curve socket private key (string)

ZMQ_CURVE_PUBLICKEY

Get a the curve socket public key (string)

ZMQ_CURVE_SERVERKEY

Get a the curve socket public key (string)

ZMQ_PLAIN_SERVER

Get whether socket server will use plain authentication (1) or not (0)

ZMQ_PLAIN_USERNAME

Get the plain socket username (string)

ZMQ_PLAIN_PASSWORD

Get the plain socket password (string)

ZMQ_GSSAPI_SERVER

Get whether socket server will use gssapi authentication (1) or not (0)

ZMQ_GSSAPI_PLAINTEXT

Get whether socket will encrypt gssapi authentication (1) or not (0)

ZMQ_GSSAPI_PRINCIPAL

Get the name of the gssapi principal (string)

ZMQ_GSSAPI_SERVICE_PRINCIPAL

Get the name of the gssapi service principal (string)

ZMQ_MECHANISM

Get the security mechanism (ZMQ_NULL, ZMQ_PLAIN, ZMQ_CURVE, ZMQ_GSSAPI)

Outputs

value - the value set for the option, or [].

See also: zmq_socket, zmq_setsockopt.

4.1.10 zmq_has

: yesno = zmq_has (feature)

Check if the zmq library supports a given feature.

Inputs

feature is the name of feature to check.

Currently known features are:

’ipc’

library supports the ipc:// protocol

’pgm’

library supports the pgm:// protocol

’tipc’

library supports the tipc:// protocol

’norm’

library supports the norm:// protocol

’curve’

library supports the CURVE security mechanism

’gssapi’

library supports the GSSAPI security mechanism

’draft’

library was built with the draft API.

Outputs

yesno - set to true if the feature is available, otherwise false.

4.1.11 zmq_poll

: havedata = zmq_poll (sock, timeout)
: indexlist = zmq_poll (socklist, timeout)

Wait up to timeout time for received data on socket.

Inputs

sock - the socket to wait on.

socklist - the array of sockets to wait on.

timeout - timeout time in milliseconds. A value of 0 will return without waiting. A value of -1 will wait until there is data.

Outputs

havedata - value of 1 if have data.

indexlist - cell array of indexes to sockets that have data.

See also: zmq_socket.

4.1.12 zmq_recv

: data = zmq_recv (sock, len)
: data = zmq_recv (sock, len, flags)

Attempt to receive up to len bytes of data from zeromq socket.

Inputs

sock - the socket to receive from.

len - number of bytes to read.

flags - optional flags to pass to recv

Outputs

data - the read data in an uint8 array.

See also: zmq_socket.

4.1.13 zmq_send

: count = zmq_send (sock, data)
: count = zmq_send (sock, data, flags)

Attempt to send to data bytes of data to zeromq socket.

Inputs

sock - the socket to receive from.

data - data to send - either string or uint8 type.

flags - optional flags to pass to send

Outputs

count - number of bytes written to socket, or -1 on error.

See also: zmq_socket.

4.1.14 zmq_setsockopt

: status = zmq_setsockopt (sock, optionid, value)

Set a socket option on a zeromq socket.

Inputs

sock - the socket to connect.

optionid - the setsockopt option to set.

value - the value to set.

Known valid optionids are:

ZMQ_SUBSCRIBE

Subscribe to incoming messages matching the value. The value is either a string or a uint8 array that must match the start of any incoming message

ZMQ_UNSUBSCRIBE

Unsubscribe from incoming messages

ZMQ_CONNECT_TIMEOUT

Set timeout for connect calls

ZMQ_IDENTITY or ZMQ_ROUTING_ID

Set the identity of a socket (string or uint8 data)

ZMQ_RATE

Set the multicast data rate

ZMQ_PRIORITY

Set the socket priority (linux only)

ZMQ_BACKLOG

Set the queue length for incoming connections

ZMQ_SOCKS_PROXY

Set the socks5 proxy value (string)

ZMQ_CURVE_SERVER

Set whether socket is a curve server (1) or not (0)

ZMQ_CURVE_PRIVATEKEY

Set the curve socket private key (string)

ZMQ_CURVE_PUBLICKEY

Set the curve socket public key (string)

ZMQ_CURVE_SERVERKEY

Set the curve socket public key (string)

ZMQ_PLAIN_SERVER

Set whether socket server will use plain authentication (1) or not (0)

ZMQ_PLAIN_USERNAME

Set the plain socket username (string)

ZMQ_PLAIN_PASSWORD

Set the plain socket password (string)

ZMQ_GSSAPI_SERVER

Set whether socket server will use gssapi authentication (1) or not (0)

ZMQ_GSSAPI_PLAINTEXT

Set whether socket will encrypt gssapi authentication (1) or not (0)

ZMQ_GSSAPI_PRINCIPAL

Set the name of the gssapi principal (string)

ZMQ_GSSAPI_SERVICE_PRINCIPAL

Set the name of the gssapi service principal (string)

Outputs

status - status for setsockopt. On success, setsockopt will return status of true

See also: zmq_getsockopt, ZMQ_SUBSCRIBE, ZMQ_UNSUBSCRIBE, ZMQ_CONNECT_TIMEOUT.

4.1.15 zmq_socket

: sock = zmq_socket (type)

Create a zeromq socket.

Inputs

type - the socket type to create.

Supported socket types are:

ZMQ_PUB

Publish socket

ZMQ_SUB

Subscribe socket

ZMQ_REQ

Request socket

ZMQ_REP

Reply socket

ZMQ_PULL

Pull socket

ZMQ_PUSH

Push socket

ZMQ_PAIR

Pair socket

ZMQ_DEALER

Dealer socket

ZMQ_ROUTER

Router socket

ZMQ_XPUB

Publish socket

ZMQ_XSUB

Subscribe socket

ZMQ_STREAM

Stream socket

Outputs

sock - an instance of octave_zeromq_socket class.

See also: ZMQ_PUB, ZMQ_SUB, ZMQ_PUSH, ZMQ_PULL, ZMQ_REQ, ZMQ_REP, ZMQ_PAIR, ZMQ_DEALER, ZMQ_ROUTER, ZMQ_XPUB, ZMQ_XSUB, ZMQ_STREAM.

4.1.16 zmq_strerror

: errorstr = zmq_strerror ()

Get the last error from zeromq.

Inputs

None

Outputs

errorstr - a string representation of the last error

4.1.17 zmq_unbind

: status = zmq_unbind (sock, endpoint)

Unbind a previously bound zeromq socket from a endpoint.

Inputs

sock - the socket to unbind.

endpoint - the endpoint string to unbind.

Outputs

status - status for unbind. On success, unbind will return a status of true

See also: zmq_socket, zmq_bind .

4.1.18 zmq_version

: [major, minor, patch] = zmq_version ()

Get the ZeroMQ library version.

Inputs

None

Outputs

major, minor patch - version of the ZeroMQ library.

4.1.19 zmq_z85_decode

: data = zmq_z85_decode (instr)

Decode a z85 encoded string to a binary key.

Inputs

instr - a string encoded data

Outputs

data - uint8 decoded data

4.1.20 zmq_z85_encode

: dest = zmq_z85_encode (data)

Encode a binary key as Z85 printable text.

Inputs

data - uint8 data that must have a size divisible by 4.

Outputs

dest - string encoded data


4.2 ZeroMQ socket type constants

4.2.1 ZMQ_DEALER

: ZMQ_DEALER

Constant for dealer socket type.

See also: zmq_socket.

4.2.2 ZMQ_PAIR

: ZMQ_PAIR

Constant for pair socket type.

See also: zmq_socket.

4.2.3 ZMQ_PUB

: ZMQ_PUB

Constant for publisher type.

See also: zmq_socket.

4.2.4 ZMQ_PULL

: ZMQ_PULL

Constant for pull socket type.

See also: zmq_socket.

4.2.5 ZMQ_PUSH

: ZMQ_PUSH

Constant for push socket type.

See also: zmq_socket.

4.2.6 ZMQ_REP

: ZMQ_REP

Constant for reply socket type.

See also: zmq_socket.

4.2.7 ZMQ_REQ

: ZMQ_REQ

Constant for request socket type.

See also: zmq_socket.

4.2.8 ZMQ_ROUTER

: ZMQ_ROUTER

Constant for router socket type.

See also: zmq_socket.

4.2.9 ZMQ_STREAM

: ZMQ_STREAM

Constant for stream socket type.

See also: zmq_socket.

4.2.10 ZMQ_SUB

: ZMQ_SUB

Constant for subscriber type.

See also: zmq_socket.

4.2.11 ZMQ_XPUB

: ZMQ_XPUB

Constant for publisher type.

See also: zmq_socket.

4.2.12 ZMQ_XSUB

: ZMQ_XSUB

Constant for subscriber type.

See also: zmq_socket.


4.3 ZeroMQ get/setsockopt constants

4.3.1 ZMQ_BACKLOG

: ZMQ_BACKLOG

Constant for getsockopt and setsockopt to set backlog for pending connections

See also: zmq_getsockopt, zmq_setsockopt.

4.3.2 ZMQ_CONNECT_TIMEOUT

: ZMQ_CONNECT_TIMEOUT

Constant for get/setsockopt connect timeout value

See also: zmq_getsockopt, zmq_setsockopt.

4.3.3 ZMQ_CURVE_PUBLICKEY

: ZMQ_CURVE_PUBLICKEY

Constant for getsockopt and setsockopt CURVE_PUBLICKEY value option

See also: zmq_getsockopt, zmq_setsockopt.

4.3.4 ZMQ_CURVE_SECRETKEY

: ZMQ_CURVE_PRIVATEKEY

Constant for getsockopt and setsockopt CURVE_PRIVATEKEY value option

See also: zmq_getsockopt, zmq_setsockopt.

4.3.5 ZMQ_CURVE_SERVER

: ZMQ_CURVE_SERVER

Constant for getsockopt and setsockopt CURVE_SERVER value option

See also: zmq_getsockopt, zmq_setsockopt.

4.3.6 ZMQ_CURVE_SERVERKEY

: ZMQ_CURVE_SERVERKEY

Constant for getsockopt and setsockopt CURVE_SERVERKEY value option

See also: zmq_getsockopt, zmq_setsockopt.

4.3.7 ZMQ_EVENTS

: ZMQ_EVENTS

Constant for getsockopt EVENTS value option

See also: zmq_getsockopt.

4.3.8 ZMQ_GSSAPI_PLAINTEXT

: ZMQ_GSSAPI_PLAINTEXT

Constant for getsockopt and setsockopt GSSAPI_PLAINTEXT value option

See also: zmq_getsockopt, zmq_setsockopt.

4.3.9 ZMQ_GSSAPI_PRINCIPAL

: ZMQ_GSSAPI_PRINCIPAL

Constant for getsockopt and setsockopt GSSAPI_PRINCIPAL value option

See also: zmq_getsockopt, zmq_setsockopt.

4.3.10 ZMQ_GSSAPI_SERVER

: ZMQ_GSSAPI_SERVER

Constant for getsockopt and setsockopt GSSAPI_SERVER value option

See also: zmq_getsockopt, zmq_setsockopt.

4.3.11 ZMQ_GSSAPI_SERVICE_PRINCIPAL

: ZMQ_GSSAPI_SERVICE_PRINCIPAL

Constant for getsockopt and setsockopt GSSAPI_SERVICE_PRINCIPAL value option

See also: zmq_getsockopt, zmq_setsockopt.

4.3.12 ZMQ_IDENTITY

: ZMQ_IDENITY

Constant for getsockopt and setsockopt IDENTITY value option

See also: zmq_getsockopt, zmq_setsockopt.

4.3.13 ZMQ_LAST_ENDPOINT

: ZMQ_LAST_ENDPOINT

Constant for getsockopt last endpoint value option

See also: zmq_getsockopt.

4.3.14 ZMQ_MECHANISM

: ZMQ_MECHANISM

Constant for getsockopt and setsockopt MECHANISM value option

See also: zmq_getsockopt, zmq_setsockopt.

4.3.15 ZMQ_PLAIN_PASSWORD

: ZMQ_PLAIN_PASSWORD

Constant for getsockopt and setsockopt PLAIN_PASSWORD value option

See also: zmq_getsockopt, zmq_setsockopt.

4.3.16 ZMQ_PLAIN_SERVER

: ZMQ_PLAIN_SERVER

Constant for getsockopt and setsockopt PLAIN_SERVER value option

See also: zmq_getsockopt, zmq_setsockopt.

4.3.17 ZMQ_PLAIN_USERNAME

: ZMQ_PLAIN_USERNAME

Constant for getsockopt and setsockopt PLAIN_USERNAME value option

See also: zmq_getsockopt, zmq_setsockopt.

4.3.18 ZMQ_PRIORITY

: ZMQ_PRIORITY

Constant for getsockopt and setsockopt SO_PRIORITY value option in linux only.

See also: zmq_getsockopt, zmq_setsockopt.

4.3.19 ZMQ_RATE

: ZMQ_RATE

Constant for getsockopt and setsockopt value option

Sets the data rate of multicast sockets in kilobits

See also: zmq_getsockopt, zmq_setsockopt.

4.3.20 ZMQ_RCVMORE

: ZMQ_RCVMORE

Constant for getsockopt RCVMORE value option

See also: zmq_getsockopt.

4.3.21 ZMQ_ROUTING_ID

: ZMQ_ROUTING_ID

Constant for getsockopt and setsockopt IDENTITY value option

See also: zmq_getsockopt, zmq_setsockopt.

4.3.22 ZMQ_SOCKS_PROXY

: ZMQ_SOCKS_PROXY

Constant for getsockopt and setsockopt SOCKS_PROXY value option

See also: zmq_getsockopt, zmq_setsockopt.

4.3.23 ZMQ_SUBSCRIBE

: ZMQ_SUBSCRIBE

Constant for setsockopt subscribe option

See also: zmq_setsockopt, ZMQ_UNSUBSCRIBE.

4.3.24 ZMQ_TYPE

: ZMQ_TYPE

Constant for getsockopt TYPE value option

See also: zmq_getsockopt.

4.3.25 ZMQ_UNSUBSCRIBE

: ZMQ_UNSUBSCRIBE

Constant for setsockopt unsubscribe option

See also: zmq_setsockopt, ZMQ_SUBSCRIBE.


4.4 ZeroMQ ZMQ_EVENTS flags

4.4.1 ZMQ_POLLIN

: ZMQ_POLLIN

Constant bitmask value for getsockopt EVENTS value option

See also: zmq_getsockopt.

4.4.2 ZMQ_POLLOUT

: ZMQ_POLLOUT

Constant bitmask value for getsockopt EVENTS value option

See also: zmq_getsockopt.


4.5 ZeroMQ receive send options

4.5.1 ZMQ_DONTWAIT

: ZMQ_DONTWAIT

Constant for recv flag DONTWAIT

See also: zmq_recv.

4.5.2 ZMQ_SNDMORE

: ZMQ_SNDMORE

Constant for send flag SNDMORE

See also: zmq_send.


4.6 ZeroMQ ZMQ_MECHANISM values

4.6.1 ZMQ_CURVE

: ZMQ_CURVE

Constant value for getsockopt MECHANISM value option

See also: zmq_getsockopt.

4.6.2 ZMQ_GSSAPI

: ZMQ_GSSAPI

Constant value for getsockopt MECHANISM value option

See also: zmq_getsockopt.

4.6.3 ZMQ_NULL

: ZMQ_NULL

Constant value for getsockopt MECHANISM value option

See also: zmq_getsockopt.

4.6.4 ZMQ_PLAIN

: ZMQ_PLAIN

Constant value for getsockopt MECHANISM value option

See also: zmq_getsockopt.


Appendix A GNU General Public License

Version 3, 29 June 2007
Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc. http://fsf.org/
Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this
license document, but changing it is not allowed.

Preamble

The GNU General Public License is a free, copyleft license for software and other kinds of works.

The licenses for most software and other practical works are designed to take away your freedom to share and change the works. By contrast, the GNU General Public License is intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change all versions of a program—to make sure it remains free software for all its users. We, the Free Software Foundation, use the GNU General Public License for most of our software; it applies also to any other work released this way by its authors. You can apply it to your programs, too.

When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not price. Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge for them if you wish), that you receive source code or can get it if you want it, that you can change the software or use pieces of it in new free programs, and that you know you can do these things.

To protect your rights, we need to prevent others from denying you these rights or asking you to surrender the rights. Therefore, you have certain responsibilities if you distribute copies of the software, or if you modify it: responsibilities to respect the freedom of others.

For example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether gratis or for a fee, you must pass on to the recipients the same freedoms that you received. You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the source code. And you must show them these terms so they know their rights.

Developers that use the GNU GPL protect your rights with two steps: (1) assert copyright on the software, and (2) offer you this License giving you legal permission to copy, distribute and/or modify it.

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    All rights granted under this License are granted for the term of copyright on the Program, and are irrevocable provided the stated conditions are met. This License explicitly affirms your unlimited permission to run the unmodified Program. The output from running a covered work is covered by this License only if the output, given its content, constitutes a covered work. This License acknowledges your rights of fair use or other equivalent, as provided by copyright law.

    You may make, run and propagate covered works that you do not convey, without conditions so long as your license otherwise remains in force. You may convey covered works to others for the sole purpose of having them make modifications exclusively for you, or provide you with facilities for running those works, provided that you comply with the terms of this License in conveying all material for which you do not control copyright. Those thus making or running the covered works for you must do so exclusively on your behalf, under your direction and control, on terms that prohibit them from making any copies of your copyrighted material outside their relationship with you.

    Conveying under any other circumstances is permitted solely under the conditions stated below. Sublicensing is not allowed; section 10 makes it unnecessary.

  4. Protecting Users’ Legal Rights From Anti-Circumvention Law.

    No covered work shall be deemed part of an effective technological measure under any applicable law fulfilling obligations under article 11 of the WIPO copyright treaty adopted on 20 December 1996, or similar laws prohibiting or restricting circumvention of such measures.

    When you convey a covered work, you waive any legal power to forbid circumvention of technological measures to the extent such circumvention is effected by exercising rights under this License with respect to the covered work, and you disclaim any intention to limit operation or modification of the work as a means of enforcing, against the work’s users, your or third parties’ legal rights to forbid circumvention of technological measures.

  5. Conveying Verbatim Copies.

    You may convey verbatim copies of the Program’s source code as you receive it, in any medium, provided that you conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate copyright notice; keep intact all notices stating that this License and any non-permissive terms added in accord with section 7 apply to the code; keep intact all notices of the absence of any warranty; and give all recipients a copy of this License along with the Program.

    You may charge any price or no price for each copy that you convey, and you may offer support or warranty protection for a fee.

  6. Conveying Modified Source Versions.

    You may convey a work based on the Program, or the modifications to produce it from the Program, in the form of source code under the terms of section 4, provided that you also meet all of these conditions:

    1. The work must carry prominent notices stating that you modified it, and giving a relevant date.
    2. The work must carry prominent notices stating that it is released under this License and any conditions added under section 7. This requirement modifies the requirement in section 4 to “keep intact all notices”.
    3. You must license the entire work, as a whole, under this License to anyone who comes into possession of a copy. This License will therefore apply, along with any applicable section 7 additional terms, to the whole of the work, and all its parts, regardless of how they are packaged. This License gives no permission to license the work in any other way, but it does not invalidate such permission if you have separately received it.
    4. If the work has interactive user interfaces, each must display Appropriate Legal Notices; however, if the Program has interactive interfaces that do not display Appropriate Legal Notices, your work need not make them do so.

    A compilation of a covered work with other separate and independent works, which are not by their nature extensions of the covered work, and which are not combined with it such as to form a larger program, in or on a volume of a storage or distribution medium, is called an “aggregate” if the compilation and its resulting copyright are not used to limit the access or legal rights of the compilation’s users beyond what the individual works permit. Inclusion of a covered work in an aggregate does not cause this License to apply to the other parts of the aggregate.

  7. Conveying Non-Source Forms.

    You may convey a covered work in object code form under the terms of sections 4 and 5, provided that you also convey the machine-readable Corresponding Source under the terms of this License, in one of these ways:

    1. Convey the object code in, or embodied in, a physical product (including a physical distribution medium), accompanied by the Corresponding Source fixed on a durable physical medium customarily used for software interchange.
    2. Convey the object code in, or embodied in, a physical product (including a physical distribution medium), accompanied by a written offer, valid for at least three years and valid for as long as you offer spare parts or customer support for that product model, to give anyone who possesses the object code either (1) a copy of the Corresponding Source for all the software in the product that is covered by this License, on a durable physical medium customarily used for software interchange, for a price no more than your reasonable cost of physically performing this conveying of source, or (2) access to copy the Corresponding Source from a network server at no charge.
    3. Convey individual copies of the object code with a copy of the written offer to provide the Corresponding Source. This alternative is allowed only occasionally and noncommercially, and only if you received the object code with such an offer, in accord with subsection 6b.
    4. Convey the object code by offering access from a designated place (gratis or for a charge), and offer equivalent access to the Corresponding Source in the same way through the same place at no further charge. You need not require recipients to copy the Corresponding Source along with the object code. If the place to copy the object code is a network server, the Corresponding Source may be on a different server (operated by you or a third party) that supports equivalent copying facilities, provided you maintain clear directions next to the object code saying where to find the Corresponding Source. Regardless of what server hosts the Corresponding Source, you remain obligated to ensure that it is available for as long as needed to satisfy these requirements.
    5. Convey the object code using peer-to-peer transmission, provided you inform other peers where the object code and Corresponding Source of the work are being offered to the general public at no charge under subsection 6d.

    A separable portion of the object code, whose source code is excluded from the Corresponding Source as a System Library, need not be included in conveying the object code work.

    A “User Product” is either (1) a “consumer product”, which means any tangible personal property which is normally used for personal, family, or household purposes, or (2) anything designed or sold for incorporation into a dwelling. In determining whether a product is a consumer product, doubtful cases shall be resolved in favor of coverage. For a particular product received by a particular user, “normally used” refers to a typical or common use of that class of product, regardless of the status of the particular user or of the way in which the particular user actually uses, or expects or is expected to use, the product. A product is a consumer product regardless of whether the product has substantial commercial, industrial or non-consumer uses, unless such uses represent the only significant mode of use of the product.

    “Installation Information” for a User Product means any methods, procedures, authorization keys, or other information required to install and execute modified versions of a covered work in that User Product from a modified version of its Corresponding Source. The information must suffice to ensure that the continued functioning of the modified object code is in no case prevented or interfered with solely because modification has been made.

    If you convey an object code work under this section in, or with, or specifically for use in, a User Product, and the conveying occurs as part of a transaction in which the right of possession and use of the User Product is transferred to the recipient in perpetuity or for a fixed term (regardless of how the transaction is characterized), the Corresponding Source conveyed under this section must be accompanied by the Installation Information. But this requirement does not apply if neither you nor any third party retains the ability to install modified object code on the User Product (for example, the work has been installed in ROM).

    The requirement to provide Installation Information does not include a requirement to continue to provide support service, warranty, or updates for a work that has been modified or installed by the recipient, or for the User Product in which it has been modified or installed. Access to a network may be denied when the modification itself materially and adversely affects the operation of the network or violates the rules and protocols for communication across the network.

    Corresponding Source conveyed, and Installation Information provided, in accord with this section must be in a format that is publicly documented (and with an implementation available to the public in source code form), and must require no special password or key for unpacking, reading or copying.

  8. Additional Terms.

    “Additional permissions” are terms that supplement the terms of this License by making exceptions from one or more of its conditions. Additional permissions that are applicable to the entire Program shall be treated as though they were included in this License, to the extent that they are valid under applicable law. If additional permissions apply only to part of the Program, that part may be used separately under those permissions, but the entire Program remains governed by this License without regard to the additional permissions.

    When you convey a copy of a covered work, you may at your option remove any additional permissions from that copy, or from any part of it. (Additional permissions may be written to require their own removal in certain cases when you modify the work.) You may place additional permissions on material, added by you to a covered work, for which you have or can give appropriate copyright permission.

    Notwithstanding any other provision of this License, for material you add to a covered work, you may (if authorized by the copyright holders of that material) supplement the terms of this License with terms:

    1. Disclaiming warranty or limiting liability differently from the terms of sections 15 and 16 of this License; or
    2. Requiring preservation of specified reasonable legal notices or author attributions in that material or in the Appropriate Legal Notices displayed by works containing it; or
    3. Prohibiting misrepresentation of the origin of that material, or requiring that modified versions of such material be marked in reasonable ways as different from the original version; or
    4. Limiting the use for publicity purposes of names of licensors or authors of the material; or
    5. Declining to grant rights under trademark law for use of some trade names, trademarks, or service marks; or
    6. Requiring indemnification of licensors and authors of that material by anyone who conveys the material (or modified versions of it) with contractual assumptions of liability to the recipient, for any liability that these contractual assumptions directly impose on those licensors and authors.

    All other non-permissive additional terms are considered “further restrictions” within the meaning of section 10. If the Program as you received it, or any part of it, contains a notice stating that it is governed by this License along with a term that is a further restriction, you may remove that term. If a license document contains a further restriction but permits relicensing or conveying under this License, you may add to a covered work material governed by the terms of that license document, provided that the further restriction does not survive such relicensing or conveying.

    If you add terms to a covered work in accord with this section, you must place, in the relevant source files, a statement of the additional terms that apply to those files, or a notice indicating where to find the applicable terms.

    Additional terms, permissive or non-permissive, may be stated in the form of a separately written license, or stated as exceptions; the above requirements apply either way.

  9. Termination.

    You may not propagate or modify a covered work except as expressly provided under this License. Any attempt otherwise to propagate or modify it is void, and will automatically terminate your rights under this License (including any patent licenses granted under the third paragraph of section 11).

    However, if you cease all violation of this License, then your license from a particular copyright holder is reinstated (a) provisionally, unless and until the copyright holder explicitly and finally terminates your license, and (b) permanently, if the copyright holder fails to notify you of the violation by some reasonable means prior to 60 days after the cessation.

    Moreover, your license from a particular copyright holder is reinstated permanently if the copyright holder notifies you of the violation by some reasonable means, this is the first time you have received notice of violation of this License (for any work) from that copyright holder, and you cure the violation prior to 30 days after your receipt of the notice.

    Termination of your rights under this section does not terminate the licenses of parties who have received copies or rights from you under this License. If your rights have been terminated and not permanently reinstated, you do not qualify to receive new licenses for the same material under section 10.

  10. Acceptance Not Required for Having Copies.

    You are not required to accept this License in order to receive or run a copy of the Program. Ancillary propagation of a covered work occurring solely as a consequence of using peer-to-peer transmission to receive a copy likewise does not require acceptance. However, nothing other than this License grants you permission to propagate or modify any covered work. These actions infringe copyright if you do not accept this License. Therefore, by modifying or propagating a covered work, you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so.

  11. Automatic Licensing of Downstream Recipients.

    Each time you convey a covered work, the recipient automatically receives a license from the original licensors, to run, modify and propagate that work, subject to this License. You are not responsible for enforcing compliance by third parties with this License.

    An “entity transaction” is a transaction transferring control of an organization, or substantially all assets of one, or subdividing an organization, or merging organizations. If propagation of a covered work results from an entity transaction, each party to that transaction who receives a copy of the work also receives whatever licenses to the work the party’s predecessor in interest had or could give under the previous paragraph, plus a right to possession of the Corresponding Source of the work from the predecessor in interest, if the predecessor has it or can get it with reasonable efforts.

    You may not impose any further restrictions on the exercise of the rights granted or affirmed under this License. For example, you may not impose a license fee, royalty, or other charge for exercise of rights granted under this License, and you may not initiate litigation (including a cross-claim or counterclaim in a lawsuit) alleging that any patent claim is infringed by making, using, selling, offering for sale, or importing the Program or any portion of it.

  12. Patents.

    A “contributor” is a copyright holder who authorizes use under this License of the Program or a work on which the Program is based. The work thus licensed is called the contributor’s “contributor version”.

    A contributor’s “essential patent claims” are all patent claims owned or controlled by the contributor, whether already acquired or hereafter acquired, that would be infringed by some manner, permitted by this License, of making, using, or selling its contributor version, but do not include claims that would be infringed only as a consequence of further modification of the contributor version. For purposes of this definition, “control” includes the right to grant patent sublicenses in a manner consistent with the requirements of this License.

    Each contributor grants you a non-exclusive, worldwide, royalty-free patent license under the contributor’s essential patent claims, to make, use, sell, offer for sale, import and otherwise run, modify and propagate the contents of its contributor version.

    In the following three paragraphs, a “patent license” is any express agreement or commitment, however denominated, not to enforce a patent (such as an express permission to practice a patent or covenant not to sue for patent infringement). To “grant” such a patent license to a party means to make such an agreement or commitment not to enforce a patent against the party.

    If you convey a covered work, knowingly relying on a patent license, and the Corresponding Source of the work is not available for anyone to copy, free of charge and under the terms of this License, through a publicly available network server or other readily accessible means, then you must either (1) cause the Corresponding Source to be so available, or (2) arrange to deprive yourself of the benefit of the patent license for this particular work, or (3) arrange, in a manner consistent with the requirements of this License, to extend the patent license to downstream recipients. “Knowingly relying” means you have actual knowledge that, but for the patent license, your conveying the covered work in a country, or your recipient’s use of the covered work in a country, would infringe one or more identifiable patents in that country that you have reason to believe are valid.

    If, pursuant to or in connection with a single transaction or arrangement, you convey, or propagate by procuring conveyance of, a covered work, and grant a patent license to some of the parties receiving the covered work authorizing them to use, propagate, modify or convey a specific copy of the covered work, then the patent license you grant is automatically extended to all recipients of the covered work and works based on it.

    A patent license is “discriminatory” if it does not include within the scope of its coverage, prohibits the exercise of, or is conditioned on the non-exercise of one or more of the rights that are specifically granted under this License. You may not convey a covered work if you are a party to an arrangement with a third party that is in the business of distributing software, under which you make payment to the third party based on the extent of your activity of conveying the work, and under which the third party grants, to any of the parties who would receive the covered work from you, a discriminatory patent license (a) in connection with copies of the covered work conveyed by you (or copies made from those copies), or (b) primarily for and in connection with specific products or compilations that contain the covered work, unless you entered into that arrangement, or that patent license was granted, prior to 28 March 2007.

    Nothing in this License shall be construed as excluding or limiting any implied license or other defenses to infringement that may otherwise be available to you under applicable patent law.

  13. No Surrender of Others’ Freedom.

    If conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not excuse you from the conditions of this License. If you cannot convey a covered work so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you may not convey it at all. For example, if you agree to terms that obligate you to collect a royalty for further conveying from those to whom you convey the Program, the only way you could satisfy both those terms and this License would be to refrain entirely from conveying the Program.

  14. Use with the GNU Affero General Public License.

    Notwithstanding any other provision of this License, you have permission to link or combine any covered work with a work licensed under version 3 of the GNU Affero General Public License into a single combined work, and to convey the resulting work. The terms of this License will continue to apply to the part which is the covered work, but the special requirements of the GNU Affero General Public License, section 13, concerning interaction through a network will apply to the combination as such.

  15. Revised Versions of this License.

    The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions of the GNU General Public License from time to time. Such new versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to address new problems or concerns.

    Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the Program specifies that a certain numbered version of the GNU General Public License “or any later version” applies to it, you have the option of following the terms and conditions either of that numbered version or of any later version published by the Free Software Foundation. If the Program does not specify a version number of the GNU General Public License, you may choose any version ever published by the Free Software Foundation.

    If the Program specifies that a proxy can decide which future versions of the GNU General Public License can be used, that proxy’s public statement of acceptance of a version permanently authorizes you to choose that version for the Program.

    Later license versions may give you additional or different permissions. However, no additional obligations are imposed on any author or copyright holder as a result of your choosing to follow a later version.

  16. Disclaimer of Warranty.

    THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE PROGRAM “AS IS” WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION.

  17. Limitation of Liability.

    IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MODIFIES AND/OR CONVEYS THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.

  18. Interpretation of Sections 15 and 16.

    If the disclaimer of warranty and limitation of liability provided above cannot be given local legal effect according to their terms, reviewing courts shall apply local law that most closely approximates an absolute waiver of all civil liability in connection with the Program, unless a warranty or assumption of liability accompanies a copy of the Program in return for a fee.

END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS

How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs

If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms.

To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively state the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least the “copyright” line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.

one line to give the program's name and a brief idea of what it does.  
Copyright (C) year name of author
This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at
your option) any later version.
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with this program.  If not, see http://www.gnu.org/licenses/.

Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.

If the program does terminal interaction, make it output a short notice like this when it starts in an interactive mode:

program Copyright (C) year name of author 
This program comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type ‘show w’.
This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it
under certain conditions; type ‘show c’ for details.

The hypothetical commands ‘show w’ and ‘show c’ should show the appropriate parts of the General Public License. Of course, your program’s commands might be different; for a GUI interface, you would use an “about box”.

You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or school, if any, to sign a “copyright disclaimer” for the program, if necessary. For more information on this, and how to apply and follow the GNU GPL, see http://www.gnu.org/licenses/.

The GNU General Public License does not permit incorporating your program into proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine library, you may consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with the library. If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Lesser General Public License instead of this License. But first, please read http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html.


Index

Jump to:   B   C   E   F   I   L   O   W   Z  
Index Entry  Section

B
Basic Usage Overview: Basic Usage Overview

C
copyright: Copying

E
Example1: Examples
Example2: Examples
Example3: Examples
Example4: Examples
Example5: Examples
Examples: Examples

F
Function Reference: Function Reference

I
Installing and loading: Installing and loading
iszmq: ZeroMQ functions

L
Loading: Installing and loading

O
Off-line install: Installing and loading
Online install: Installing and loading

W
warranty: Copying

Z
ZeroMQ functions: ZeroMQ functions
ZeroMQ get/setsockopt constants: ZeroMQ get/setsockopt constants
ZeroMQ receive send options: ZeroMQ receive send options
ZeroMQ socket type constants: ZeroMQ socket type constants
ZeroMQ ZMQ_EVENTS flags: ZeroMQ ZMQ_EVENTS flags
ZeroMQ ZMQ_MECHANISM values: ZeroMQ ZMQ_MECHANISM values
ZMQ_BACKLOG: ZeroMQ get/setsockopt constants
zmq_bind: ZeroMQ functions
zmq_close: ZeroMQ functions
zmq_connect: ZeroMQ functions
ZMQ_CONNECT_TIMEOUT: ZeroMQ get/setsockopt constants
ZMQ_CURVE: ZeroMQ ZMQ_MECHANISM values
zmq_curve_keypair: ZeroMQ functions
zmq_curve_public: ZeroMQ functions
ZMQ_CURVE_PUBLICKEY: ZeroMQ get/setsockopt constants
ZMQ_CURVE_SECRETKEY: ZeroMQ get/setsockopt constants
ZMQ_CURVE_SERVER: ZeroMQ get/setsockopt constants
ZMQ_CURVE_SERVERKEY: ZeroMQ get/setsockopt constants
ZMQ_DEALER: ZeroMQ socket type constants
zmq_disconnect: ZeroMQ functions
ZMQ_DONTWAIT: ZeroMQ receive send options
zmq_errno: ZeroMQ functions
ZMQ_EVENTS: ZeroMQ get/setsockopt constants
zmq_getsockopt: ZeroMQ functions
ZMQ_GSSAPI: ZeroMQ ZMQ_MECHANISM values
ZMQ_GSSAPI_PLAINTEXT: ZeroMQ get/setsockopt constants
ZMQ_GSSAPI_PRINCIPAL: ZeroMQ get/setsockopt constants
ZMQ_GSSAPI_SERVER: ZeroMQ get/setsockopt constants
ZMQ_GSSAPI_SERVICE_PRINCIPAL: ZeroMQ get/setsockopt constants
zmq_has: ZeroMQ functions
ZMQ_IDENTITY: ZeroMQ get/setsockopt constants
ZMQ_LAST_ENDPOINT: ZeroMQ get/setsockopt constants
ZMQ_MECHANISM: ZeroMQ get/setsockopt constants
ZMQ_NULL: ZeroMQ ZMQ_MECHANISM values
ZMQ_PAIR: ZeroMQ socket type constants
ZMQ_PLAIN: ZeroMQ ZMQ_MECHANISM values
ZMQ_PLAIN_PASSWORD: ZeroMQ get/setsockopt constants
ZMQ_PLAIN_SERVER: ZeroMQ get/setsockopt constants
ZMQ_PLAIN_USERNAME: ZeroMQ get/setsockopt constants
zmq_poll: ZeroMQ functions
ZMQ_POLLIN: ZeroMQ ZMQ_EVENTS flags
ZMQ_POLLOUT: ZeroMQ ZMQ_EVENTS flags
ZMQ_PRIORITY: ZeroMQ get/setsockopt constants
ZMQ_PUB: ZeroMQ socket type constants
ZMQ_PULL: ZeroMQ socket type constants
ZMQ_PUSH: ZeroMQ socket type constants
ZMQ_RATE: ZeroMQ get/setsockopt constants
ZMQ_RCVMORE: ZeroMQ get/setsockopt constants
zmq_recv: ZeroMQ functions
ZMQ_REP: ZeroMQ socket type constants
ZMQ_REQ: ZeroMQ socket type constants
ZMQ_ROUTER: ZeroMQ socket type constants
ZMQ_ROUTING_ID: ZeroMQ get/setsockopt constants
zmq_send: ZeroMQ functions
zmq_setsockopt: ZeroMQ functions
ZMQ_SNDMORE: ZeroMQ receive send options
zmq_socket: ZeroMQ functions
ZMQ_SOCKS_PROXY: ZeroMQ get/setsockopt constants
ZMQ_STREAM: ZeroMQ socket type constants
zmq_strerror: ZeroMQ functions
ZMQ_SUB: ZeroMQ socket type constants
ZMQ_SUBSCRIBE: ZeroMQ get/setsockopt constants
ZMQ_TYPE: ZeroMQ get/setsockopt constants
zmq_unbind: ZeroMQ functions
ZMQ_UNSUBSCRIBE: ZeroMQ get/setsockopt constants
zmq_version: ZeroMQ functions
ZMQ_XPUB: ZeroMQ socket type constants
ZMQ_XSUB: ZeroMQ socket type constants
zmq_z85_decode: ZeroMQ functions
zmq_z85_encode: ZeroMQ functions